SC.912.L.16.5 Transcription and Translation
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You need to know the basic processes of transcription and translation and how they result in gene expression. You will also need to know that the basic processes ofDNA are universal in organisms.
TUTORIALS
Protein Synthesis: Your Personal Protein Factory
Transcription and Translation
From DNA to Protein 3D
Traits such as hair color and eye color, are determined by proteins. Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids. DNA codes for amino acids. The number and sequence of the amino acids determine the shape and function of a protein.
Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. To make proteins, a cell needs to get information from the DNA to the ribosomes. RNA carries information from the DNA to the ribosome, and carries out protein synthesis.
RNA is a single stranded molecule, the sugar is ribose and contains the base Uracil instead of Thymine .
The instructions in mRNA are arranged in codons. Codons code for specific amino acids.
A Gene is a small section of DNA that contains a code for a protein.
Transcription From DNA to mRNA occurs in the nucleus. In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule.
Translation From mRNA to Proteins occurs in the cytoplasm and it is done by the ribosome. Translation is the process of creating an amino acid chain using the encoded messenger RNA.
Not every gene is expressed, or makes proteins. Only a small fractions of the genes are expressed at any times. A complex process known as gene regulation determines if a gene is TURN ON and the protein it codes for is produced or TURN OFF, the protein it codes for is not produced.
